The self-made alcoholic drinks in Russia are called "samogon", that in recalculation and means self-maintained fabrication of drinks by an expedient of distillation.
Samogon - traditional Russian drink which is not succumbing on quality to other drinks, for example, rum. If to compare know-how of cooking, we shall not find essential differences, except for raw, from which one they are plotted. Practically, the rum represents a not clean drink samogon.

According to statistics, 40 % of vodkas acting in sale, are vodka of poor production made with disturbances of the demands of the standard. Between that, each of us has an opportunity to be completely free from concerns of the schemer and companies - monopolies, having adjusted production of vodka and other alcoholic drinks in home requirements. Having spent on cooking of alcoholic drinks the time and work, we not only essentially economize our family budget, but also we shall maintain the health.

Here we shall not be started up in long reasonings on cooking samogon, fabrication samogon of vehicles and so further. We shall esteem only initial items of information on technological processes of fabrication and the clearing of a drink samogon - without it cannot be made an excellent drink for ourselves and friends.

To cook a good drink it is possible only at rigorous keeping of the technological demands at all stages of process.

At cooking a drink evolve following technological stages:
- Select and opening-up of a feed stock;
- Process of fermenting;
- Distillation;
- Clearing a drink;
- Meliorating quality.

The theory and practice of distillation.

The distillation calls process of heating of fluid up to boiling point with the subsequent condensation of steams(vapors). There are not so many expedients and receptions of distillation.

The maiden reception - is a skill to carry out(spend) fractional distillation,, that is to learn to cut easily boiling head factions oozed in an incipient state of distillation, and caudal, boiling at temperature more 97°С (is high-gravity boiling fractions), from the basic fraction, at which one the clean ethanol is distilled off.
The bulk of the maiden fraction compounds 3-8 % from total amount of alcohol in solution. This fraction for the alimentary purposes is unsuitable and will be utillized only for technical needs. Bulk of the basic fraction (ethanol) compounds 75-85 %.
The third fraction contains fusel oils and small quantity(amount) of ethanol and compounds 8-10 %. This fraction usually accumulate and distillate, abiding the same principles of separation of separate fractions.

Practically separation conduct as follows.

For example, in a tank for distillation three liters of raw are pledged. Roughly yield of a drink samogon will make, depending on skill of the parent, 800-1000 mls. It means, that the maiden fraction, which one assemble separately and will not utillize for the alimentary purposes will make about 40-50 mls. The second, basic fraction (clean ethanol), will make about 680-950 mls and, at last, third fraction (with fusel oils) will make in a sectional example 80-100 mls. Sampleing for the alimentary purposes only second fraction, we already during the maiden distillation are released from a considerable proportion of the unhealthy men of matters.

At the second distillation will utillize the same reception on clearing a drink samogon. Having added in a distilled second fraction 350-425 mls of water from a spring, do(make) the second distillation with keeping of the same principles of separation main and tailpieces of distillation. After the second distillation received(obtained) 650-850 mls samogon practically will not contain harmful matters. However distillations on reception of a clean drink should be supplemented by chemical methods of clearing, which one put away from samogon the waste matters, which have stayed at distillations present in solution.

At distillation it is necessary to remember, that the fluid, containing alcohol, - not water and begins to boil earlier. The boil of mild admixtures contained in raw, begins at temperature 65-68ЁС (methanol - 64,7°С , Acetum - methylic Aether - 57,1°С , Acetum - solvent ether 77,8°С and so further). The ethanol boils at temperature 78, 1°С.

Complete clearing of a drink samogon
Includes, as was already marked, multiple fractional distillation, chemical and physical methods of clearing.

At clearing samogon it is necessary to allow, that the highly degree alcohol retains admixtures, and this communication(connection) the more strongly, than above temperature of alcoholic fluid more strongly. Therefore before each padding distillation a drink samogon dilute till 40-45°С, for what will utillize weak water from a spring. Than higher is the quality of make up water, the higher is the quality of distillation. The quantity(amount) of make up water depends on a fortress samogon. Than more strong samogon, the is added by(with) waters more. The quantity(amount) of make up water equally 1/2 quantities(amounts) of samogon should be usual, that is on each liter of samogon, which one is planed again to overtake, add 500 grammes of water. For very proof samogon quantity(amount) of make up water augment, and for gentle - moderate. Best at dilution of samogon to utillize an areometer for definition of a terminating fortress of dilution (40-45°С). In series of cases to reception of high-quality moonshine or infusions apply 3-, 4-aliquot distillation.

To furbish samogon, it is necessary legiblly to introduce, of what matters we purged(scraped) it(him) also what purifiers on what work.

As was already marked, as a result of fermentation under operating of yeast cages and enzymes, evolved with them, Saccharum is transmuted into ethanol. However except for ethanol at fermenting the propyl, isobutyl and isoamyl alcohols are formed, which one call as fusel oils. They attach a drink off-flavour and negatively affect health of the man.

The fusel oils remove by fractional distillation and chemical expedient, utillizing for these purposes alkali (pyretic sodium or pyretic potassium) at the rate of 1-2 grammes or soda salt (Na₂CO₃) at the rate of 5-8 grammes on 1 liter of a drink samogon. Except for fusel oils, in samogon there are also other admixtures - Acetum aldehyde, Acetum an acid, ant - solvent ether, formic acid, Acetum - solvent ether, methanol, ketones and so on. Most dangerous of the enumerated admixtures is the methanol, the hit results which one in an organism in blindness and other high-gravity consequences. The majority of the enumerated admixtures we output from samogon, when we part main and caudal parts at distillation. That is why it is not recommended to utillize so-called "pervach" for interior applying. It was not possible to carve out that of the enumerated admixtures, which one at distillation, remove by chemical expedients.

It is possible to apply to clearing moonshine wood charcoal from a fire or fireplace. After cooling the coals crush, fall asleep in capacitance with fluid (50 grammes on 1 liter samogon) and per the maiden day try to shake up her(it) not less than 4 times. A mixture maintain not less than 3 day. After that give fluids to be defended, and then filtrate.
It is necessary to remember, that the coal does not remove neither fusel oils, nor other harmful matters (aldehydes, methanol, ketones etc.). It(he) has clarifying property, that is puts away series of gases dissolved of a drink samogon of matter, taking place in a nem in suspension.

Practical expedients of clearing of samogon in home requirements.

So, as was marked earlier, in distilled from raw samogon add 8-10 grammes of usual washing soda salt in calculation on 1 liter of a drink samogon, a mixture agitate and give some time to be defended (20-30 minutes). Then in samogon add potassium permanganate (is sold in a drugstore), divorced in 50 mls of water, at the rate of 2 grammes on liter samogon. After termination(ending) reacting (30 minutes) in a drink again add soda salt, carefully agitate and give fluids to be defended 10-12 clocks. Fluid from above merge, a sediment remove. After attachment of water of a spring do(make) the second distillation.

"Meliorating" a drink samogon (collimating to it(him) of weak taste).

Drink samogon pour out in the clean enameled ware, add Saccharum at the rate of 6 grammes on 1 liter samogon and put on gentle fire. A drink heat, is constant помешивая by a spoon, up to temperature about 70°С , then peel from fire and chill. Usually thus use following reception: as soon as a spoon, which one prevent, will be to burn a dog, heating stop. To tint samogon, 1 restaurant a spoon on 1 liter of a drink is possible with Saccharum to add in a drink tea leaves of tea at the rate of -. After chilling samogon filtrate. To be convinced of performance of affecting of Saccharum on "meliorating" of a drink samogon, compare it(him) with "not improved": try both that, and another. Besides smell, what "odour" radiates from a drink during his(its) heating up with Saccharum. Taste and odour of a drink samogon before clearing will be completely different. If Saccharum to put it is less norms, the refining will be smaller, and if to add more than 8 grammes on 1 liter, samogon will get sweet taste, that is undesirable for drinks of a similar class.

If there is an opportunity and desire, after the second distillation in samogon it is possible to add fresh milk at the rate of 200 mls on 1 liter. After 30-minute endurance in samogon to pour water from a spring and to make third distillation, which one "to improve" by Saccharum.

Well, with the theory is finished. We transfer to the concrete prescriptions.